基于蛋白质组学分析色胺酮抑制小鼠乳腺癌的作用机制

目的:采用非标记定量(Label-free)蛋白质组学技术研究色胺酮抗小鼠体内乳腺癌的作用机制。方法:采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测色胺酮抗小鼠乳腺癌的表达蛋白,选择Ionoptics nano UPLC C18色谱柱(0.075 mm×250 mm,1.6μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,正离子模式,扫描范围m/z 100～1 700,使用MaxQuant 1.6.5.0进行数据库检索。采用Label-free高分辨质谱的蛋白质组学技术筛选4T1乳腺癌小鼠模型组与色胺酮(100 mg·kg~(-1))口服给药组之间的差异表达蛋白,进行色胺酮抗乳腺癌的蛋白质组学研究。结果:共鉴定出3 997个蛋白质,其中有2 911个蛋白可定量。模型组与色胺酮组共750个差异表达蛋白,其中286个蛋白上调,464个蛋白下调。基因本体分析表明,这些差异表达蛋白主要参与增殖、细胞迁移、凋亡、免疫、血管生成和炎症调节等生物学过程。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析进一步表明,这些蛋白主要集中于T细胞受体,B细胞受体,Toll样受体,核转录因子-κB(NF-κB),Ras蛋白,白细胞介素-17,肿瘤坏死因子,磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K-Akt)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等信号通路。结论:与色胺酮抗4T1乳腺癌作用密切相关的差异表达蛋白包括上调蛋白白细胞分化抗原14(CD14),前列腺素G/H合酶2(PTGS2),泛素蛋白连接酶E3和下调蛋白CD44,70 kDa热休克蛋白1A(HSPA1A),巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF),NF-κB,核糖体蛋白S6激酶α-4(RPS6KA4)和高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1),提示色胺酮主要通过调节肿瘤炎症微环境来达到抑制小鼠乳腺癌的作用。     

Unique and redundant roles of SOX2 and SOX17 in regulating the germ cell tumor fate

Embryonal carcinomas (ECs) and seminomas are testicular germ cell tumors. ECs display expression of SOX2, while seminomas display expression of SOX17. In somatic differentiation, SOX17 drives endodermal cell fate. However, seminomas lack expression of endoderm markers, but show features of pluripotency. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to report and compare the binding pattern of SOX17 in seminoma-like TCam-2 cells to SOX17 in somatic cells and SOX2 in EC-like 2102EP cells. In seminoma-like cells, SOX17 was detected at canonical (SOX2/OCT4), compressed (SOX17/OCT4) and noncomposite SOX motifs. SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation. In contrast, in somatic cells canonical motifs are rarely bound by SOX17. In sum, only 12% of SOX17-binding sites overlap in seminoma-like and somatic cells. This illustrates that binding site choice is highly dynamic and cell type specific. Deletion of SOX17 in seminoma-like cells resulted in loss of pluripotency, marked by a reduction of OCT4 protein level and loss of alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we found that in EC-like cells SOX2 regulates pluripotency-associated genes, most likely by partnering with OCT4. In conclusion, SOX17 (in seminomas) functionally replaces SOX2 (in ECs) to maintain expression of the pluripotency cluster.     

TACE 术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值对原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓患者预后预测的价值

目的 探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞（transcatheter arterial chemoembolization，TACE）术前天冬氨酸氨基转移酶与淋巴细胞比值（aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio index，ALRI）在原发性肝癌并门脉癌栓（primary liver cancer-portal vein tumor thrombosis，PLC-PVTT）患者预后预测中的价值。方法 选取2013年11月21日至2018年8月22日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院接受TACE治疗的175例PLC-PVTT患者为研究对象。采用时间依赖性ROC曲线确定ALRI的最佳临界值。采用Cox 回归模型分析总生存期（overall survival，OS）的独立预测因素，Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 ROC曲线显示，ALRI的最佳临界值为49.37，对应曲线下面积为0.71。Kaplan-Meier分析显示，ALRI>49.37的患者OS较ALRI≤49.37的患者短（P=0.003）。Cox 回归分析结果显示，ALRI>49.37、行1次以上TACE治疗、Child-Pugh分级B级、凝血酶原时间≥13 s是患者TACE术后OS的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。结论 TACE术前ALRI>49.37是PLC-PVTT患者OS的独立危险因素。     

Bim和ULBP2的水平对肾母细胞瘤术后患儿复发及预后的影响

目的探讨并分析肾母细胞瘤术后患儿血清中Bim和ULBP2的水平变化,并分析其对患儿术后复发及预后的影响。方法选择行单侧肾母细胞瘤切除术患儿60例,根据不同分期分为2组,分别为中期组(Ⅱ~Ⅲ期,43例)和晚期组(Ⅳ~Ⅴ期,17例),人ELISA试剂盒检测各组患者血清中Bim和ULBP2的含量并进行比较,进一步分析其对患者复发及预后情况的影响。结果与中期组瘤组织相比,晚期组瘤组织中BIM相对表达量均显著降低,ULBP2相对表达量均显著增加(P<0.05);与瘤旁组织相比,两组瘤组织中BIM相对表达量均显著降低,ULBP2相对表达量均显著增加(P均<0.05)。与术前1 d和术后1 h相比,术后1 w两组患儿血清中Bim含量均显著上升,ULBP2含量均显著下降(P均<0.05),而两组患儿术前1 d和术后1 h相比,两指标变化均不具统计学意义(P均>0.05)。与中期组相比,晚期组术前1 d、术后1 h以及术后1 w,患儿血清中Bim含量均显著上升,ULBP2含量均显著下降(P均<0.05)。与中期组相比,晚期组术后复发、肺转移以及死亡等不良预后状况的总发生率显著上升(P<0.05)。肾母细胞瘤患儿预后状况与其根治性瘤肾切除术后血清中Bim的含量呈显著负相关,与血清中ULBP2的含量呈显著正相关(P均<0.01)。结论肾母细胞瘤术后可通过患儿血清中Bim和ULBP2的水平变化对其复发及预后进行评价,其预后状况与根治性瘤肾切除术后血清中Bim的含量呈显著负相关,与血清中ULBP2的含量呈显著正相关。     

Liquid‐based cytology of pigmented phaeohyphomycotic lesion of the palm masquerading as a metastatic tumor

Phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, commonly involving the extremities, which present as single or multiple lesions mimicking a benign tumor. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy method for the diagnosis of the lesion. Morphology of the fungus is characteristic with no difficulty for cytopathologist for identification; with a close differential diagnosis of Candida and Aspergillosis. The special stains like periodic acid schiff (PAS) highlights the fungus and the Masson Fontana confirm the melanin pigment and dematiaceous nature of the fungi. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) preparation of the aspirated material was attempted, which is not usually performed on day to day basis. However, in our case the conventional smears were better for appreciating the fungal morphology.     

Study of Haralick’s and GLCM texture analysis on 3D medical images

Purpose of the study: Medical field has highly evolved with advancements in the technologies which prove to be beneficial for radiologists and patients for better diagnosis. The era of medical science provides best healthcare solutions with the help of medical images. Till now, 2D MRIs played a prominent role in early detection of disease but with latest technologies taking over the charge, 3D MRIs are highly effective and great in demand nowadays. With the aid of advanced techniques such as edge detection, segmentation and texture analysis on these images, the disease detection may become much easier.

Materials and Methods: Texture of any image is recognized by distribution of gray levels in the neighborhood. The Texture Analysis plays an important role in study of medical images. It identifies the prominent features of an image and highlights the same using different feature extraction technique. In this paper, 3D MRI of human brain is considered and texture analysis based on Haralick's and GLCM texture features is performed. Haralick's feature explains the image intensities of each pixel and their relationship with neighborhood pixels. The entire data set consists of 40 brain tumor patients, out of which a sample has been depicted.

Results: The analysis of different features such as Contrast, Correlation, Energy, Homogeneity and Entropy is carried out. Conclusion: Further, the study highlights about the highly useful features for early detection of brain tumor disease.     

Combined transthoracic echocardiography and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography to trace intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) with intracardiac extension is a rare condition, which the benign tumor invades into the right heart through inferior vena cava. We described the findings of ultrasonography in eight patients with this disease. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can reveal the intracardiac lesion burden and associated compromise. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can trace the origin of the lesion and extension. Therefore, combining TTE with CEUS is used to better characterize this complex lesion and plays a crucial role in guidance of surgical decision.